The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory that secured Grant's beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowen's force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grant's landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. Port Gibson NYT May 12, 1863. A few miles to the south, McClernand's Corps traveled along Rodney Road. With the aid of Admiral Porters gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernands 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. The Union victory at the Battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 875 casualties (131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing). 1. [4], The surviving Shaifer plantation house is now owned by the state. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. Here they began improving the fortifications along the roads to Vicksburg, expecting that Grant would be close behind. Union forces entering Port Gibson . Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants first objective after crossing the Mississippi. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Struck with the realization that McPherson could cut him off from the bridge over the Big Black River, Bowen ordered the formidable defenses at Grand Gulf abandoned, the magazine exploded, and the heavy artillery destroyed. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the west side of the Mississippi River. On March 29, 1863, he put part of his army to work constructing bridges, draining bayous and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. In December, Grant launched his first attempt to capture Vicksburg. Despite the large number of Yankees involved, the Confederate forces in the area were still superior in number. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. Bowen deployed Brigadier General Martin E. Green's Brigade west of Port Gibson along Rodney Road and he stationed Brigadier General Edward D. Tracy's brigade across Bruinsburg Road. Both flanks were turned, and Green's men broke and ran. Gen. Martin E. Green's Brigade and took up a position astride the Rodney road just southwest of Port Gibson near Magnolia Church. The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering. After two desperate Rebel counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. Confederate forces were entrenched at Magnolia Church. This was the first battle for the 29th Wisconsin Infantry, which fought for more than an hour against the Confederates. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Admiral David Farragut captured the port city of New Orleans on May 18, 1862, closing down Confederate access to the Gulf. Johnston's removal prevented him from uniting his forces with Pemberton, now isolated at Vicksburg. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. On January 30, 1862, the Western Theater commander, General Henry Halleck, reluctantly approved Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants request to attack Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. quadrangle map, only one small, intensive level survey was performed within the battlefield area. As McPherson's troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Green's advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. The Confederate right did not last long. The 1st Light Artillery destroyed a Confederate battery, but the 6th and 12th batteries took no important part in the battle. Gen. Peter Osterhaus. This historical marker is Near Bruinsburg in Claiborne County Mississippi, 3. With 20,000 men crowded into a 1.5-mile (2.4km) front, McClernand's plan appeared to be to force his way past the Confederate line. Port Gibson | May 1, 1863 (June 2020) American Battlefield Trust Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's first objective after crossing the Mississippi. His men fell back to the next ridge where early in the afternoon they were reinforced by what remained of Greens brigade. Gen. John Bowen clashed with elements of two Union corps commanded by Maj. Gen. U.S. Grant. The stillness of the night was shattered as a volley of musketry came in reply. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Battlefield map courtesy of the American Battlefield Trust. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. This survey was of a two-acre borrow area . Although most of the Port Gibson battlefield is still privately owned, the Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 644 acres (2.61km2) of the Port Gibson battlefield. Despite a valiant effort by Col. Isham W. Garrot, taking over for Tracy, his line was outflanked and he was forced to withdraw. The Confederate victory proved inconsequential, however. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Empower curiosity about the people, places, and stories of our past. A single brigade of reinforcements from Vicksburg under Brig. On May 2, Grant quickly maneuvered Bowen out of position by sending McPherson to cross the Bayou Pierre at a ford several miles upstream. As long as they held it, Union forces could not ship men or supplies any further south. In late April 1863, Union troops on the west bank advanced toward Vicksburg. The Battle of Georgia Landing or Battle of Labadieville (October 27, 1862) was fought between a Union Army force led by Brigadier General Godfrey Weitzel and a Confederate States Army force commanded by Brigadier General Alfred Mouton near Labadieville, Assumption Parish, Louisiana, during the American Civil War.After a sharp clash, the Union troops compelled Mouton's outnumbered force to retreat. After two desperate counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. At dawn the battle was renewed in fury as Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand threw most of his XIII Corps toward Greens thin gray line. Soon after, Tracy was killed by a snipers bullet. If the Union could gain control of the Mississippi, the Confederacy would be denied easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of AHC can earn from qualifying purchases. Confederate Brig. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Mine Run - Union Off. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. An informative marker tells the story behind the mansion, including its demise. Battle of Raymond: May 12 On March 29, 1863, Grant put part of his army to work erecting bridges, draining bayous, and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. As the situation deteriorated, Bowen wired his superiors: We have been engaged in a furious battle ever since daylight; losses very heavy. At the time of the battle in 1863, the terraces of the area would have been in agriculture, with the ravines filled with dense jungle-like growth. In the Battle of Port Gibsons aftermath, Major General Ulysses S. Grant turned his army east and drove General Joseph E. Johnstons forces away from the state capital at Jackson, Mississippi, on May 14, 1863. The battle secured a Union beachhead east of the Mississippi River and enabled Grant to move northeastward unopposed. Battle of Vicksburg Map. Green called for reinforcements from Brig. If you would like to know more, please contact us. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. The Union troops pushed forward all along the line and fierce fighting continued throughout the afternoon. Gen. William Baldwin, just arriving from Vicksburg, and Col. Francis Cockrells from Grand Gulf, were placed into position astride the road at White and Irwins Branches of Willow Creek, a mile and a half east of Magnolia Church. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. The area is now largely wooded, with a scattering of non-historic houses and other buildings, mainly along Rodney Road which roughly bisects the battlefield. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. On April 29, 1863, Grant put his grand scheme into action. Sporadic skirmishing and artillery fire continued until 3 a.m. Having landed on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River unopposed at Bruinsburg, the Union army pushed steadily inland through the night on April 30, 1863. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Windsor Plantation. Windsor Battlefield Tour. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. The brigades of Brig. A crossing point at Bruinsburg, just south of the mouth of Bayou Pierre, was described as suitable for the army's use, and on April 30, 1863 Grant began what was then one of the largest amphibious military operations in United States history. At dawn, the Federals advanced against the flanks of Bowen's line posted on the . As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. If Bowen had known that Grant's men were landing at Bruinsburg and not Rodney, he would have taken a position on the bluffs above Bruinsburg, denying Grant's army a bridgehead into the area. When spring arrived, he set a new plan into motion. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acre of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the . The Battle of Port Gibson was a resounding Union victory which secured Grants beachhead east of the Mississippi River and cleared the way to the Southern Railroad supplying Vicksburg. MOVING INLAND: BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON The first day ashore, Grant pushed McClernand two miles inland to high, dry ground and on toward the town of Port Gibson, where a bridge across Big Bayou Pierre led to Grand Gulf (which Grant coveted as a supply base on the Mississippi). At dawn, the Federals . Join us July 13-16! Port Hudson Union Official Records. [Source: Report on the Nation's Civil War Battlefields (Washington, 1993); Estabrook, C. Records and Sketches of Military Organizations (Madison, 1914); Love, W. Wisconsin in the War of the Rebellion (Madison, 1866)], Sign up for the Wisconsin Historical Society Newsletter, 1996-2023 Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706, Port Gibson, Battle of | Wisconsin Historical Society, Read About the Experiences of Wisconsin Troops. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The city was known as "The Gibraltar of the Confederacy," because it is situated on a high bluff overlooking a horseshoe-shaped bend in the river. A late 1862 advance south from Tennessee ended with Confederates severing Grants supply lines. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Map (db m35542) HM Heavy rear-guard activity took place as the Confederates scrambled to remove their force across the narrow bridge. Wary of Tracy's Brigade to the north, McClernand posted Brig. If Union forces could gain control of the Mississippi, they could deny the Confederacy easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. According to data recorded on the Widow's Creek U.S.G.S. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the . Gen. Edward Tracy was killed on the Confederate right. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. Supplies were piled on all sorts of wagons and carriages for the surprise march on the Confederates. During the winter, Grant made several unsuccessful attempts to approach Vicksburg from other directions. Part of the battle was fought on the Bruinsburg Road at Point Lookout. After five and one-half hours of shelling by Porter's squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River, Grant called an end to the Battle of Grand Gulf. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland River, establishing Federal control of both waterways. The Confederate right did not last long. After the battle the mansion was used as a Union hospital and observation post, thus sparing it from being burned by Union troops. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. The women were terrified and, screaming with fright, leaped into the wagon and whipped the animals toward Port Gibson. American History Central is an independent encyclopedia of American history. Despite the resulting delay, however, the Army of the Tennessee moved onto the river bluffs unopposed and pushed rapidly towards Port Gibson. He sent three divisions, commanded by his most trusted subordinate, General William T. Sherman, down the river from Memphis to attack Vicksburg from the north. As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowens force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grants landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. The following information is provided for citations. Old Rodney Rd The federal soldiers clambered aboard the barges at Disharoons plantation on the Louisiana side of the river, crossed over, and disembarked at Bruinsburg on the Mississippi side. Reinforced by Brig. . A few miles to the south, McClernands Corps traveled along Rodney Road. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Just then, a single shot rang out as the Confederate pickets spotted movement in the distance. Port Gibson: Featured Resources Civil War | Video Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Article 10 Facts: The Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Biography James B. McPherson Inscription. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. 17 (Dept. To the east, a ring of forts, mounting 172 guns, shielded the city from an overland assault. Gen. Martin E. Green was inspecting his picket line at the Shaifer House shortly after midnight when he was amused to see Mrs. Shaifer and the women of the house frantically loading a wagon with all their household items. Gen. John Bowen, in overall Confederate command on the field, worked feverishly to restore his line. "Through Storm and Sunshine": Valorous Vivandires in the Civil War. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. The Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved 644 acres (2.61km2) of the Port Gibson battlefield. Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. The artillery wagons rattle forward and the heavy tramp of many men gives a dull but impressive sound. The road over which the blue soldiers now marched led to the Shaifer House. This was the largest amphibious landing of troops prior to World War II. The men act nobly, but the odds are overpowering." McPhersons Corps marched along Bruinsburg Road. Part of the battle was fought on the Bruinsburg Road at Point Lookout. Join us July 13-16! The road over which the blue soldiers now marched led to the Shaifer House, roughly 1.5 miles from Port Gibson. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. Every purchase supports the mission. This map depicts the opening battles in the Union campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in May 1863. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. The invasion of Mississippi by roughly 23,000 Union soldiers on April 30, 1863, was the largest amphibious offensive in American history prior to the invasion of Normandy, France, during World War II. Donning a cloak to disguise his rank, he reviewed the front lines and quickly devised a turning movement that would render untenable the entire Confederate right flank. Twenty minutes after the troops had been staged for the assault, the Confederates were retreating into the Bayou Pierre bottoms, having left behind several hundred prisoners. Inscription. Forced to defend two approaches to Port Gibson, Bowen divided his already heavily outnumbered forces. Shortly after midnight on May 1, advanced elements of the 14th Division under Brig. When spring arrived, Grant set a new plan into motion. American Battlefield Trust's Map Reprint Permission Policy, Gettysburg | Picketts Charge | July 3, 1863 | 3:45 - 4:00 pm, Antietam | West Woods | Sep 17, 1862 | 9:00 - 11:30 am. Gen. William Baldwin, just arriving from Vicksburg, and Col. Francis Cockrells from Grand Gulf, were placed into position astride the road at White and Irwins Branches of Willow Creek, a mile and a half east of Magnolia Church. As the long column tramped down this road many officers were on foot. Grant then returned his attention to Vicksburg. On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. Port Gibson, MS 39150 Restoration of the sit is in progress and the majority of the battlefield is privately owned. Please read ourPrivacy Policyregarding the use of cookies and visitor tracking. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Confederate Brig. Port Gibson NYT May 15, 1863. The high bluff upon which the city sits made it nearly impossible to assault from the river. The Union troops pushed forward all along the line, and fierce fighting continued throughout the afternoon. Meanwhile, Grant's troop barges ran past Fort Cobun under the protection of Porter's gunboats. Later nineteenth century to present [ edit] On the night of May 1, 1863, 23,000 Union soldiers landed a few miles south of Vicksburg at Port Gibson, Mississippi. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! That night Grant's men camped two miles north of Port Gibson. 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