The Great Migration was one of the largest migrations ever of the African American population. She notably promoted the work of Black female writers, forming a film company to produce movies based on novels like The Color Purple, by Alice Walker, and Beloved, by Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison. Over the next years, however, there was little decrease in housing segregation, and violence arose from Black efforts to seek housing in white neighborhoods. Just as Browns courage turned thousands of previously indifferent northerners against slavery, his violent actions convinced slave owners in the South beyond doubt that abolitionists would go to any lengths to destroy the "peculiar institution. Rumors spread of other planned insurrections, and the South reverted to a semi-war status. The Plains Indians' reaction to the Sand Creek Massacre ultimately resulted in. It opened up national markets for selling and obtaining resources and helped lower costs of production. In the summer of 1964, civil rights organizations including the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) urged white students from the North to travel to Mississippi, where they helped register Black voters and build schools for Black children. by Frances E. W. Harper 3. Based on this text, why might tensions have broken out between Sitting Bull and the United States government? The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. A - I don't know US Representative Shirley Chisholm of Brooklyn announces her entry for Democratic nomination for the presidency, at the Concord Baptist Church in Brooklyn, New York on January 25, 1972. D.only in the north US under Union control The quotation supports Morgan's practice of. They further agreed to give up their nomadic life, which often brought them into conflict with other tribes in the region, with settlers, and with railroad surveys. After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. And after the war, the racist legacy of slavery would persist, spurring movements of resistance, including the Underground Railroad, the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the Selma to Montgomery March, and the Black Lives Matter movement. Less than a week after the Selma-to-Montgomery marchers were beaten and bloodied by Alabama state troopers in March 1965, President Lyndon Johnson addressed a joint session of Congress, calling for federal legislation to ensure protection of the voting rights of African Americans. I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find. Meredith went on to graduate from Ole Miss in 1963, but the struggle to integrate higher education continued. Why did Southern states use poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses as Reconstruction came to an end? Kings improvised sermon continued for nine minutes after the end of his prepared remarks, and his stirring words would be remembered as undoubtedly one of the greatest speeches in American history. Those early voices for Pan-Africanism emphasized the commonalities . In the mid-1960s, 70 African Americans were serving as elected officials in the South, while by the turn of the century there were some 5,000. Powell sought to build international support for the controversial U.S invasion of Iraq in 2003, delivering a divisive speech to the United Nations regarding that countrys possession of weapons material that was later revealed to be based on faulty intelligence. 3.Which battle did Lincoln use to take action against slavery? While supporters of slavery pointed to the Turner rebellion as evidence that Black people were inherently inferior barbarians requiring an institution such as slavery to discipline them, the increased repression of southern Black people would strengthen antislavery feeling in the North through the 1860s and intensify the regional tensions building toward civil war. D. a)It reveals the way the Emancipation Proclamation improved Americans' lives for years, just like the way sun casts light on the dark, A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. King, who was on probation for robbery and had been drinking, led them on a high-speed chase, and by the time the patrolmen caught up to his car, several officers of the Los Angeles Police Department were on the scene. President John F. Kennedy first used the phrase in 1961, in an executive order calling on the federal government to hire more African Americans. ** Congress was debating Kennedys civil rights reform bill when he was killed by an assassins bullet in Dallas, Texas in November 1963. What workers' issue most prompted protest in this era? The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. After the heady rush of the civil rights movements first years, anger and frustration was increasing among many African Americans, who saw clearly that true equalitysocial, economic and politicalstill eluded them. Many Black people looked to Booker T. Washington, the author of the bestselling Up From Slavery (1900), as an inspiration. What did the Thirteenth Amendment do? Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? According to the Court, Congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights when dealing with enslaved people in the territories. No tide of racism can stop us, King proclaimed from the steps of the state capitol building, addressing the nearly 50,000 supportersBlack and whitewho met the marchers in Montgomery. Never brought to justice, Bryant and Milam later shared vivid details of how they killed Till with a journalist for Look magazine, which published their confessions under the headline The Shocking Story of Approved Killing in Mississippi.. What social trend caused the demand for beef to rise immediately following the Civil War? After a few weeks, employers met union demands for better pay and shorter hours. What general principle was established with the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision? In subsequent decisions over the next decades, the Court limited the scope of affirmative action programs, while several U.S. states prohibited racially based affirmative action. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? Estimates of the number of participants in the Million Man March ranged from 400,000 to more than 1 million, and its success spurred the organization of a Million Woman March, which took place in 1997 in Philadelphia. Congress required southern states to ratify the 14th Amendment and enact universal male suffrage before they could rejoin the Union, and the state constitutions during those years were the most progressive in the regions history. Explain why Lincoln's assassination put the future of the nation in question. D. The laws required that, The laws allowed African Americans to be arrested unfairly. In 2013, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi formed the Black Lives Matter Network with the mission to eradicate white supremacy and build local power to intervene in violence inflicted on Black communities by the state and vigilantes.. We want a minimum wage established, but we want it established by the solidarity [unity] of the working men themselves.We must not, we cannot, depend upon legislative enactments [authorizations] to set wage standards. Rickey signed Robinson to a Dodgers farm team that same year and two years later moved him up, making Robinson the first African American player to play on a major league team. In the years immediately following the Revolutionary War, the rural Souththe region where slavery had taken the strongest hold in North Americafaced an economic crisis. The following year, the 14th Amendment broadened the definition of citizenship, granting "equal protection of the Constitution to people who had been enslaved. Ghost towns were left behind after the mines stopped producing. The organizations believed the participation of white students in the so-called Freedom Summer would bring increased visibility to their efforts. I meant B for #1. More than 20,000 women and men in the ILGWU walked off their jobs in 1909. The laws gave African Americans land or farms. C.angrily From the same prolific [producing a lot of something] womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classestramps and millionaires. In 1980, entrepreneur Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television (BET), which he later sold to entertainment giant Viacom for some $3 billion. The case went to the Supreme Court, where Chief Justice Roger B. Taney and the majority eventually ruled that Scott was an enslaved person and not a citizen, and thus had no legal rights to sue. It would also, organizers believed, disprove some of the stereotypical negative images of Black men that existed in American society. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the success of the long-running sitcom The Cosby Showfeaturing popular comedian Bill Cosby as the doctor patriarch of a close-knit middle-class African American familyhelped redefine the image of Black characters on mainstream American television. In the early 19th century, however, a new brand of radical abolitionism emerged in the North, partly in reaction to Congress passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the tightening of codes in most southern states. Which factor most likely caused a decline in Grange membership? After a few weeks, employers met union demands for better pay and shorter hours. When Meredith arrived at Ole Miss under the protection of federal forces including U.S. marshals, a mob of more than 2,000 people formed on the Oxford, Mississippi campus. All Rights Reserved. By that time, the U.S. governments war on drugs had sent a disproportionate number of African Americans to prison, and by 2000, more Black men were incarcerated than in college. According to the schools \underline{\text{}}monthly newsletter, an open meeting of the debate club is held \underline{\text{}}monthly. By freeing some 3 million enslaved people in the rebel states, the Emancipation Proclamation deprived the Confederacy of the bulk of its labor forces and put international public opinion strongly on the Union side. gave equal voting rights to all abolished slavery *** ended the use of poll tax outlawed school segregation 3. Which was the main reason for the slow growth of labor unions in the United States during the 19th century? . In September 1962, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Merediths favor, but state officials including Governor Ross Barnett vowed to block his admission. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. A - no. We believe that the power of governmentin other words, of the peopleshould be expanded . Steelworkers turned millions of tons of iron into steel for tracks and engines. D. The laws required that. B) After the end of slavery, African Americans could move and find new work. In the passage Gompers explains the need for. to encourage American Indians to become farmers. Choose the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject, and write it in the blank. After meeting at the mouth of the Little Bighorn, they planned to force the Lakota Sioux and the Cheyenne back to their reservations. Some cowhands dreamed of setting aside enough money to start a herd of their own. What event in the history of the West in the late 1800s prompted Chief Joseph to give this speech? His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? The fruits of the toil [labor] of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented [never having happened or existed before] in the history of mankind; and the possessors of these, in turn, despise the Republic and endanger liberty. Nevada became a state in 1864; Colorado in 1876; North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Washington in 1889; Idaho and Wyoming in 1890. There remains, then, only one mode of using great fortunesUnder its sway we shall have an ideal state, in which the surplus wealth of the few will become, in the best sense, the property of the many, because administered for the common good, and this wealth, passing through the hands of the few, can be made a much more potent force for the elevation of our race than if it had been distributed in small sums to the people themselves. B. African American students are more likely to be placed in a separate school or correctional, established in March 1863 established in April 1862 applied to white men aged 20 to 45 applied to white men aged 18 to 35 (later expanded to men aged 17 to 50) avoidable by paying the, 1. Preamble to the Platform of the Populist Party Martins death set off nationwide protests like the Million Hoodie March. They chose exile and abandoned the state for nine years, making periodic trips back to visit family while trying to avoid being detected. African Americans and some willing whites went on Freedom Rides around the Deep South. Amidst the civil rights movement, ACLU lawyers Bernard S. Cohen and Philip J. Hirschkop decided to take on the couples case. He was reelected in 2012. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles On March 6, 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Scott v. Sanford, delivering a resounding victory to southern supporters of slavery and arousing the ire of northern abolitionists. Why might recent events have led to many African Americans working for ranchers? How does Shailas attitude toward Judith change during the course of the story? From 1950 to 1980, the total Black population in Americas urban centers increased from 6.1 million to 15.3 million; during this same time period, white Americans steadily moved out of the cities into the suburbs, taking with them many of the employment opportunities Black people needed. King himself led another attempt on March 9, but turned the marchers around when state troopers again blocked the road; that night, a group of segregationists fatally beat a protester, the young white minister James Reeb. C. In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. The 13th Amendment, adopted late in 1865, officially abolished slavery, but the question of freed Black peoples status in the postwar South remained. Rage over the verdict sparked the four days of the L.A. riots, beginning in the mostly Black South Central neighborhood. I thought 5 was A but if not A, then D? The University of California at Davis, for example, designated 16 percent of its medical schools admissions spots for minority applicants. Although the Supreme Court declared segregation of public schools illegal in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the decision was extremely difficult to enforce, as 11 southern states enacted resolutions interfering with, nullifying or protesting school desegregation. New methods were found to prevent African Americans from voting. Mildred, however, spent three nights in a small womens cell and was released to her father. How did western farmers try to improve their conditions when they fell on hard times in the late 1800s? African American history began with slavery, as white European settlers first brought Africans to the continent to serve as enslaved workers. In Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Court extended the earlier ruling to include bus terminals, restrooms and other related facilities, and CORE took action to test the enforcement of that ruling. Which of the following can best be inferred from looking at this map? C) In the 1850s, many free African Americans from the north became ranchers. The Southern Pacific Railroad contributed to the growth of cities including San Francisco and Los Angeles. The years immediately following the construction of the transcontinental railroad were years of astounding growth for the United States. On Jan 1 1863 President Abe Lincoln signed the A wave of race riotsparticularly one in Springfield, Illinois in 1908lent a sense of urgency to the Niagara Movement and its supporters, who in 1909 joined their agenda with that of a new permanent civil rights organization, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). On May 17, 1876, Lieutenant Colonel Custer led the 750 men of the 7th United States Cavalry Regiment out of Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota Territory. Turner escaped and spent six weeks on the run before he was captured, tried and hanged. His invention of air brakes made railroad travel safer and faster. D.Vicksburg He resigned after Bushs reelection in 2004. There was a flip side to this greater exposure, however: Emerging Black writers relied heavily on white-owned publications and publishing houses, while in Harlems most famous cabaret, the Cotton Club, the preeminent Black entertainers of the day played to exclusively white audiences. Fill in the blank spot in the following sentence. Carl Iwasaki/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images. On February 21, 1965, during a speaking engagement in Harlem, three members of the NOI rushed the stage and shot Malcolm some 15 times at close range. Though he continued to brush off any speculation of a possible future presidential run, Powell made headlines during the 2008 presidential campaign when he broke from the Republican party to endorse Barack Obama, the eventual winner and the first African American to be elected president of the United States. B. In February 2022, the three other officers were found guilty ofdepriving Floyd of his civil rights when they helped with the restraint that led to his death. Two years later, she launched her own nationally syndicated talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, which would go on to become the highest rated in TV history. The two men confessed to kidnapping Till but were acquitted of murder charges by an all-white, all-male jury after barely an hour of deliberations. Later that year, Governor George Wallace blocked the enrollment of a Black student at the University of Alabama, pledging to stand in the schoolhouse door. Though Wallace was eventually forced by the federalized National Guard to integrate the university, he became a prominent symbol of the ongoing resistance to desegregation nearly a decade after Brown v. Board of Education. Sitting Bull did feel bound by the 1868 Treaty, which he did not sign. On March 21, after a U.S. district court ordered Alabama to permit the Selma-Montgomery march, some 2,000 marchers set out on the three-day journey, this time protected by U.S. Army troops and Alabama National Guard forces under federal control. Charismatic and eloquent, Malcolm X soon became an influential leader of the NOI, which combined Islam with Black nationalism and sought to encourage disadvantaged young Black people searching for confidence in segregated America. On December 1, 1955, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama when the driver told her to give up her seat to a white man. The Justice Department eventually indicted 19 men for violating the three volunteers civil rights (the only charge that would give the federal government jurisdiction over the case) and after a three-year-long legal battle, the men finally went on trial in Jackson, Mississippi. Suddenly, there was no lack of educated, upwardly mobile, family-oriented Black characters for TV viewers to look to, both in fiction and in life. How did Gustavus Swift's introduction of refrigeration to the meat packing industry change food and ranching in the United States? Adding that detail would reveal something about her. Why did miners in the West create groups of vigilantes? Which idea does this passage express? Many were recent immigrants. In 1900, garment workers organized the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union (ILGWU). International outrage over the crime and the verdict helped fuel the civil rights movement: just three months after Emmett Tills body was found, and a month after a Mississippi grand jury refused to indict Milam and Bryant on kidnapping charges, a citywide bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama would begin the movement in earnest. regulating railroad rates to help farmers. BBC.George Floyd Protests: A Timeline. Though President Abraham Lincolns antislavery views were well established, and his election as the nations first Republican president had been the catalyst that pushed the first southern states to secede in late 1860, the Civil War at its outset was not a war to abolish slavery. Based on this selection, which policy would the Populist Party be mostly likely to support? Ray later recanted his confession, and despite several inquiries into the matter by the U.S. government, many continued to believe that the speedy trial had been a cover-up for a larger conspiracy. Jacksons continued influence in the Democratic Party in the decades that followed ensured that African American issues had an important role in the partys platform. One of its earliest programs was a crusade against lynching and other lawless acts. Draw a line under the subject. Du Bois of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), criticized Garvey and his Back to Africa movement; he was openly contemptuous of them in return. He delivered a rousing keynote speech at that years Democratic National Convention, attracting national attention with his eloquent call for national unity and cooperation across party lines. By the mid 1970s, many universities were seeking to increase the presence of minority and female faculty and students on their campuses. Kennedy sent federal marshals to escort the riders to Jackson, Mississippi, but images of the bloodshed made the worldwide news, and the freedom rides continued. (1 point) A) During the Civil War, many African Americans went west to work on railroads. The decision was also difficult to enforce, a fact that became increasingly clear in May 1955 when the Court remanded the case to the courts of origin due to their proximity to local conditions and urged a prompt and reasonable start toward full compliance. Though some southern schools moved towards integration relatively without incident, in other casesnotably in Arkansas and Alabamaenforcing Brown would require federal intervention. Children and members of the Black Panthers give the Black Power salute outside of their "liberation school" in San Francisco, California in 1969. The couple was then given a choice: spend 25 years in prison or leave Virginia. Sitting Bull did not feel bound by the 1868 treaty, which he didn't sign. The other was to take the whole art of photography and starting with perfecting dry plates, set out to make the camera as easy a recorder as the pencil. The most important early Pan-Africanists were Martin Delany and Alexander Crummel, both African Americans, and Edward Blyden, a West Indian. Production was limited, however, by the laborious process of removing the seeds from raw cotton fibers, which had to be completed by hand. Davis, claiming that his grades and test scores were higher than those of minority students who were admitted and accusing UC Davis of reverse discrimination. In June 1978, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of strict racial quotas was unconstitutional and that Bakke should be admitted; on the other hand, it held that institutions of higher education could rightfully use race as a criterion in admissions decisions in order to ensure diversity. I like a little competition, but I like combination more." Taken from a much-copied minstrel routine written by a white actor who performed often in blackface, the name Jim Crow came to serve as a general derogatory term for African Americans in the post-Reconstruction South. Chauvin was filmed kneeling on Floyds neck for more than eight minutes. Ranchers employed cowhands to tend their cattle and drive herds to market. I am tired of fighting . First established in Chicago, the NAACP had expanded to more than 400 locations by 1921. According to thenSNCC chairman Stokely Carmichael, who first popularized the term Black Power in 1966, the traditional civil rights movement and its emphasis on nonviolence, did not go far enough, and the federal legislation it had achieved failed to address the economic and social disadvantages facing Black Americans. The outspoken Chisholm, who attracted little support among African American men during her presidential campaign, later told the press: Ive always met more discrimination being a woman than being Black. In early 1831, Turner took a solar eclipse as a sign that the time for revolution was near, and on the night of August 21, he and a small band of followers killed his owners, the Travis family, and set off toward the town of Jerusalem, where they planned to capture an armory and gather more recruits. After his retirement from the military in 1993, many people began floating his name as a possible presidential candidate. Based on information in the graph, what was one factor in the 1894 Pullman Strike? Richard spent the night in prison, and his sister had to pay a $1,000 bond for his release. B. -George Eastman After the Civil War, veterans of the Confederate Army made up the majority of the cowhands who worked in Texas. . Then-candidateJoe Biden had nominated Harris in August 2020 during the Democratic partys remote national convention. Kings death opened a huge rift between white and Black Americans, as many Black people saw the killing as a rejection of their vigorous pursuit of equality through the nonviolent resistance he had championed. . In 1868, many Lakota leaders agreed to a treaty that created a large reservation in the western half of present-day South Dakota. Despite his success on the field, however, he encountered hostility from both fans and other players. In June 1905, a group led by the prominent Black educator W.E.B. D. Antislavery northernersmany of them free Black peoplehad begun helping enslaved people escape from southern plantations to the North via a loose network of safe houses as early as the 1780s called the Underground Railroad. On March 7, 600 marchers got as far as the Edmund Pettus Bridge outside Selma when they were attacked by state troopers wielding whips, nightsticks and tear gas. Cities in the East and West increased in population. While Washington and Carver represented a philosophy of accommodation to white supremacy, another prominent Black educator, the Harvard-trained historian and sociologist W.E.B. At its conclusion, King quoted an old Negro spiritual: Free at last! The children involved in the landmark civil rights lawsuit Brown v. Board of Education, which challenged the legality of American public school segregation: Vicki Henderson, Donald Henderson, Linda Brown, James Emanuel, Nancy Todd, and Katherine Carper. Which was a major result of the Homestead Act of 1862? A? The American Federation of Labor differed from the Knights of Labor in that it. to encourage Native Americans to adopt the ways of Americans.

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