Its also important to grasp his long interpretation of the Parable of the Good Samaritan. Rather, he purified and consolidated those values by insisting that only when the revolutionary rights they guaranteed were shared by Americans of all colors, creeds, and nationalities would they truly be Americas foundational values (10). Using the story of. "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer". The Oratory of Martin Luther King and Malcolm X: A Study in Linguistic Stylistics. And I want to say tonight, I want to say that I am happy that I didn't sneeze. But had it not been for a last-minute push from a trusted aide and an anticipatory crowd already gathered to hear the civil rights leader speak at a historic Memphis church, the public address that would become Kings last might not have happened. Free to Share. Thus, part of Kings success lay in his ability to tie the civil rights movement with the fundamental principles of being an American. Suzanne.Wilson.1@asu.edu. And we've got to say to the nation: we know it's coming out. Disney Princesses, de Beauvoir, and Media Depictions of Women, Hannah Arendt and Human Rights: What it Means to be Free, Lu Xuns Lonely Outcry: A Pessimistic Existentialism, Exploring Freedom in Oratory, Literature, Philosophy, and Cinema, Albert Camus: Journalist at Heart, Scholar by Profession, Finding the Length of The Moral Arc: Human Rights, Hannah Arendt, and the Rohingya, Southern Belle Secret Number One(Simone de Beauvoir, Jane Austen and Dallas, TX), What Constitutes the Ideal University Education? And he was acting like he had been robbed and hurt, in order to seize them over there, lure them there for quick and easy seizure. There is nothing wrong with marching . I read a few, but one of them I will never forget. Selby points out that, By symbolically framing their experiences within a deeply held religious mythone that had been traditionally used to create expectations for social changehe could offer a theological justification for engaging in collective action (43). Secondly, let us keep the issues where they are. While King emphasized the importance of unity by drawing parallels between the struggles of the Israelites and the black community, he also relied on the theological aspect of Exodus to fortify the civil rights movement. WebAn Analysis Of I Ve Been To The Mountain Top, By Dr. Martin Luther King 622 Words3 Pages Being a great speaker doesnt mean delivering a memorized word-for-word speech. Studies in Rhetoric and Religion. What he's saying is basically: these sanitation workers need a helping hand. How should urban planners and policy-makers manage autonomous vehicles? Q: It has been documented that King almost passed on delivering his Ive Been to the Mountaintop speech. Confusion all around. And another reason that I'm happy to live in this period is that we have been forced to a point where we're going to have to grapple with the problems that men have been trying to grapple with through history, but the demand didn't force them to do it. Somewhere I read of the freedom of speech. It's all right to talk about "long white robes over yonder," in all of its symbolism. In the days of Jesus it came to be known as the "Bloody Pass." Tell them not to buywhat is the other bread?Wonder Bread. While archaeologists assert that the biblical tale is mythological, it has nevertheless served as effective inspiration for social change. On the following day, King was assassinated. It's a marvelous picture. Address Delivered at Bishop Charles Mason Temple, The Institute cannot give permission to use or reproduce any of the writings, statements, or images of Martin Luther King, Jr. WebAllusion means making an indirect reference to a person, event, or literature that helps with the purpose of the speech. He often reminded his listeners about the goals that the founding fathers had in mind when they wrote the Declaration of Independence, and how Abraham Lincoln aided the realization of these goals by signing the Emancipation Proclamation. Moreover, King specifically uses the term children to reinforce the theological parallels he established between the Israelite Exodus and the civil rights movement. In his book, Martin Luther King and the Rhetoric of Freedom, Gary S. Selby discusses how Exodus helped the movements supporters see beyond their struggles. And we just went on before the dogs and we would look at them; and we'd go on before the water hoses and we would look at it, and we'd just go on singing "Over my head I see freedom in the air." If members of the audience believed that King was predicting his own demise the next day (or even his own demise during the Memphis strike), they would not have experienced a sense of elevation and joy at the end of the speech. Never stop and forget that collectively, that means all of us together, collectively we are richer than all the nations in the world, with the exception of nine. I've been to the mountaintop by Martin Luther King Jr. Keith Miller is a professor in the Department of English in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the interim director of the Center for the Study of Race and Democracy in the College of Integrative Sciences and Arts at Arizona State University. It means that we've got to stay together. They claim that King was using the speech to predict his assassination when, actually, he often talked both in orations and in private about the likelihood that he would be assassinated. He states, Whenever Pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in Egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it. 1966. "I've Been to the Mountaintop." Less than 24 hours after these prophetic words, King was And I would see Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Euripides and Aristophanes assembled around the Parthenon as they discussed the great and eternal issues of reality. "But I Judge Hooks and others will tell you that we have an account here in the savings and loan association from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. And as I said to you the other night, Bull Connor didn't know history. But now, no longer can they just talk about it. We aren't going to let any mace stop us. . As I listened to Ralph Abernathy in his eloquent and generous introduction and then thought about myself, I wondered who he was talking about. Q: What do we know about Kings final hours after he delivered this speech? Using this story, King promoted solidarity among the civil rights movements proponents, gave his supporters the courage to continue their struggle for racial equality to the very end, and assured them that conducting non-violent protests and having patience were the best ways to achieve their goals. And the next minute I felt something beating on my chest. I read the articles. Photo by Marissa Huth/School for the Future of Innovation in Society. we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual. Thus, in this speech, Kings repetition of the term children of God reassures his followers that God would one day bring freedom to their land. Rhetorical devices in I've Been to the Mountaintop - Studienet.dk But I wouldn't stop there. The March from Selma to Montgomery (March 1965)Led by King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), this five-day march raised awareness of the difficulties faced by black southern voters, and helped the Voter Rights Act to pass later that year.Photo Credit: http://www.digitaldocsinabox.org/images/CivilRights/images/march%20from%20Selma%20to%20Montgomery.jpg. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And this is because it was used to shove up a womans vagina and the Pope would open Therefore, King assures the movements supporters that, as children of God, they are much more than what their prejudiced society perceives them as; even though they had gone through much suffering, their struggles would soon end in glory with Gods help. When the slaves get together, that's the beginning of getting out of slavery. Somehow the preacher must be an Amos, and say, "Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream." He says, I would watch Gods children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the promised land. Here, as King declares that he would have liked to see the Israelites arduous escape from Egypt, he reminds his followers that the Israelites suffered before gaining their freedom from the pharaoh, just like how his own listeners were suffering. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been down in Selma, Alabama, been in Memphis to see the community rally around those brothers and sisters who are suffering. And at the same time, we are putting pressure where it really hurts. And in spite of its magnificence, I wouldn't stop there. One of the ways in which Martin Luther King made the civil rights movement successful was by recalling the fundamental values of Americas founding. And that we don't have to live like we are forced to live. What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers? We aren't engaged in any negative protest and in any negative arguments with anybody. What else should we know about the speech that has been largely defined by this and other prophetic references? And he's allowed me to go up to the mountain. King uses allusions in his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech to make connections. But I wouldn't stop there. If we were Baptist or some other denomination, we had been immersed. And I see God working in this period of the twentieth century in a away that men, in some strange way, are responding something is happening in our world. T he main themes in "I've Been to the Mountaintop" are unity, Christianity, and selflessness. WebI heard about this from Billy Carson. I would even come up to the early thirties, and see a man grappling with the problems of the bankruptcy of his nation. And I don't mind. There are no broad highways that lead us easily and inevitably to quick solutions. WebD elivered on April 3, 1968, the day before his assassination, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I've Been to the Mountaintop" address was his final public speech. King, ive been to the mountaintop, 3 april, 1968. Q: Much of the focus on Ive Been to the Mountaintop has revolved around the last few minutes of the speech in which King talks about getting to the promised land. We are saying that we are determined to be men. I'm delighted to see each of you here tonight in spite of a storm warning. On April 3, 1968, the Rev. Without the architect, the only other available indoor venues would have seated around 300 people at most. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. Here, King asserts that Americas foundational values impact every one of the nations citizens, and that race or ethnicity can never prevent an American from exercising the freedom guaranteed by the constitution. Read More. Examples "It's always good to have your closest friend and associate to say something good about you. What's Up ASU as Smart Living Lab TheCenter for Smart Cities and Regions will work with the ASU University Technology Office to build a smart campus that makes the ASU community experience better. "We increasingly have the tools and the technologies to address local, regional and global problems, said Diana Bowman, co-director of the center andassociate professor with the School for the Future of Innovation in Society and the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law. I call upon you to be with us Monday. What does King say in his speech "I've been to the mountaintop"? WebThis Martin Luther King Jr. Spelling Practice Resource (1) teaches your student to spell 25 words in MLK's 'I've Been to the Mountaintop' speech: generous, introduction, associate, Martin Luther King Jr. was fatally shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel on April 4, 1968 one day after delivering the "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech. On stage, Dominic Papa, executive director of the Institute of Digital Progress,and Chris Camacho, president and CEO of the Greater Phoenix Economic Council, spoke of the center and the ways in which the entities will be able to work together. Change). The M Table of contents Social progress In Ive Been to the Mountaintop, King compares the Egyptian pharaoh of the biblical tale with a prejudiced American society. Now, if you are not prepared to do that, we do have an agenda that we must follow. He encourages people to locate their own places in the biblical drama that spirals through history. Who is it that is supposed to articulate the longings and aspirations of the people more than the preacher? Ive Been to the Mountaintop is the popular name of the last speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. King calls for unity, economic actions, boycotts, and nonviolent protest, while challenging the United States to live up to its ideals. In the final speech of his life, usually called I've Been to the Mountaintop after its famous conclusion, King used religious discourse to frame his battle as an epic narrative, in addition to using language that couched his struggle in the terms of religious or moral proposition. WebOne monumental speech given by Dr. King was named Ive Been to the Mountaintop. And to be sure that all of the bags were checked, and to be sure that nothing would be wrong with the plane, we had to check out everything carefully. Rather than feeling over-whelmed by the Print. I would come on up even to 1863, and watch a vacillating president by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the Emancipation Proclamation. How can private and public data protect and empower vulnerable populations? In assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: The Mountaintop Speech. King in no way rejected Americas foundational values. Q. Speech Link Epistrophe : Repetition of the same word at the end of a sentence. He also teased a local minister, Billy Kyles, about their need for a good dinner that night. I would even come up to the day of the Renaissance, and get a quick picture of all that the Renaissance did for the cultural and esthetic life of man. Thecenter will take a multi-disciplinary approach to collaborative research by bridging the gap between science and technology research and urban governance. King, Ive Been to the Mountaintop,Address Delivered at Bishop Charles Mason Temple, in A Call to Conscience, ed. He gave the speech to support striking African-American garbage workers in Memphis, who were not paid a living wage. eliza.robinson@asu.edu. Moreover, King uses the tale of Joshua to emphasize the immediacy of the movements success, asserting that Americas deliverance from racial injustice was at hand, rather than in the distant future. They didn't get around to that. A: King wanted to stay in his motel room that night, dispatching his chief lieutenant, Ralph Abernathy, to talk in his place. By The Rev As the most influential figure of the civil rights movement, Martin Luther King rallied the advocates of freedom and justice to conquer racial prejudice in mid-twentieth century America. You remember that a Levite and a priest passed by on the other side. So, the Mountaintop speech attacked both poverty and racism, which he viewed as intertwined phenomena. On April 3 King was back in Memphis, where the city government had sought an injunction to prevent him from leading another march. He was apparently African-American and an elder in the church, but no one knows what other buildings he built nor how he possibly learned architecture and became certified as an architect in the segregated South at the time that he worked. As one of the most charismatic orators and leaders of the twentieth century, Martin Luther King led the civil rights movement to success, bringing an end to racial segregation in the United States. James Lawson and King led a march on 28 March, which erupted in violence and was immediately called off. But then the Good Samaritan came by. Now you know, we use our imagination a great deal to try to determine why the priest and the Levite didn't stop. And I've looked over. King was happy the next day. He talks about the long road ahead for civil rights. WebMLK I Have Been to the Mountaintop Speech Transcript.pdf - Google Docs Loading I had received one from the President and the Vice-President. For when people get caught up with that which is right and they are willing to sacrifice for it, there is no stopping point short of victory. I can remember, I can remember when Negroes were just going around as Ralph has said, so often, scratching where they didn't itch, and laughing when they were not tickled. (LogOut/ And once that's punctured, you drown in your own bloodthat's the end of you. Because I've been to the mountaintop. But I'm not concerned about that now. And I've seen the promised land. Take out your insurance there. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. And that was the fact that there was a certain kind of fire that no water could put out. One day a man came to Jesus; and he wanted to raise some questions about some vital matters in life. 5. Now, I'm just happy that God has allowed me to live in this period, to see what is unfolding. As King spoke of a struggling people with whom all of his followers could empathize, civil rights supporters felt inspired by the Israelites successful endeavors. But somewhere I read of the freedom of assembly. In this tale, the Israelites were enslaved by the Egyptians, but through the leadership of Moses and the guidance of God, they ultimately gained freedom from their captors. You see, the Jericho road is a dangerous road. These are some of the questions Arizona State University's new Center for Smart Cities and Regionswill address, as it works to improve the ability of communities to leverage the Internet of Things and other new technologies to advance their economic, social, cultural and overall health. Now we're going to march again, and we've got to march again, in order to put the issue where it is supposed to be. But I'm going to tell you what my imagination tells me. In Exodus 6:5-6, God speaks to Moses and promises that he will deliver the Israelites from oppression. We are going on. During the last two minutes of the address, King alludes to Moses. Refuse to come to Memphis. Excerpt from Dr. Martin Luther Kings Last Sermon, Ive Been to the Mountaintop, Mason Temple, Memphis, Tennessee, April 3, 1968. And when we have our march, you need to be there. At points, he wanted to trick Jesus, and show him that he knew a little more than Jesus knew, and through this, throw him off base. And I would see developments around there, through various emperors and leaders. at which he was staying and never have given a speech that night. On 4 April, while King waited for a limousine to take him to dinner at Reverend Billy Kyles home, he was fatally shot on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. We are going on. Here, King inspires his followers by emphasizing that Americas founding principles justify their claim to the rights associated with U.S. citizenship as well as their struggle for access to the public sphere. But we must keep going. Here, King assures his followers that, as long as they patiently and peacefully struggle against racial injustice, they have the upper hand in their fight. And so, as a result of this, we are asking you tonight, to go out and tell your neighbors not to buy Coca-Cola in Memphis. But that day is all over. And we went before the fire hoses; we had known water. An artists rendering of the Israelite Exodus. King, ive been to the mountaintop, 3 april, 1968. In this case, indirect references and direct references are the You Kant Tell Me What To Do: The Rights and Obligations of Campus Protests. The project, led by a patient as principal investigator, is supported with grant funding by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. It's always good to have your closest friend and associate say something good about you. Opening Pathways for Discovery, Research, and Innovation in HealthA collaboration between patients and traditional researchers to explore the processes around discovery, research, and innovation in health and healthcare where patients have created and shared a closed-loop artificial pancreas. (LogOut/ Put your money there. He also interprets the garbage workers as the roadside victim in the parable and thereby explains the Memphis strike as part of an ongoing biblical drama. Diana Bowman and Thad Miller, co-directors of the Center for Smart Cities and Regions, with Dominic Papa, executive director and co-founder of the Institute of Digital Progress. And so just as I say, we arent going to let dogs or water hoses turn us around, we arent going to let any injunction turn us around. And let us move on in these powerful days, these days of challenge to make America what it ought to be. Witnesses, including Abernathy, Andrew Young, and James Jordan said King had tears in his eyes as he took his seat. As King concluded his speech, he began to reminiscence about his near fatal stabbing in September 1958. WebThe speech Ive Been to the Mountaintop by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. focuses on the general topic of the Memphis sanitation strike, talking about unity, economic boycotts, and peaceful protests. I may not get there with you, but I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the Promised Land. Rev. 5 Vol. Fighting for Freedom with Martin Luther King Jr. Executive Director, Marketing and Communications, ASU Law, 480-727-6193 Asserting that citizens of color had been denied their natural rights, King urged his supporters to fight for the rights they had been promised by the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. As King uses the story of Exodus to give his followers a narrative to follow, he also uses it to bring unity to the movement. Here, the Israelites undertake an arduous journey to find the promised land of God.Photo Credit: http://returnofthespacegods.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/13.jpg. That's the question before you tonight. Rudzka-Ostyn, Brygida. Vegamour Hyd-8 Shampoo. Thus, as Kings comparison between the Exodus and the fight against racial injustice in America served as a unifying constant across different moments in time, locations, and protest efforts, it motivated his followers to band together towards one common goal rather than struggle as individuals. Selby states, This history of self-identification provided a source of social knowledge that King could exploit to evoke the kind of collective identity that theorists have insisted is essential for a social movement to exist, as well as a basis for his appeals to unity in the black community (43). In his Address at the Conclusion of the Selma to Montgomery March, King recalls the biblical tale of Joshua and the Battle of Jericho, using this example to endorse the non-violent marches of the civil rights movement. His last name is Taylor, but his full name is not really known. Web"I've Been to the Mountaintop" is the popular name of the last speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. King spoke on April 3, 1968, at the Mason Temple (Church of God in Christ Headquarters) in Memphis, Tennessee. Often making references to some of the greatest leaders in American history, King motivated his listeners to fight against racial injustice and seek the freedom that their nation had promised them. If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been here in 1963, when the black people of Birmingham, Alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation, and brought into being the Civil Rights Bill. We need all of you. This partnership will enable the region to harness the knowledge and capacity of the most innovative university in the nation," Papa said. I would move on by Greece and take my mind to Mount Olympus. Print. Paid for by the American Federation of State, County & Municipal Employees, AFL-CIO, 1625 L St., NW, Washington, DC, 20036. And I've seen the Promised Land. It is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence in this world; it's nonviolence or nonexistence. WebI've Been to the Mountaintop Quotes Showing 1-2 of 2 Only when it is dark enough can we see the stars. Martin Luther King Jr., I've Been to the Mountaintop 4 likes Like And he's allowed me to go to the mountain. And then we would be thrown in the paddy wagons, and sometimes we were stacked in there like sardines in a can. Now that's a strange statement to make, because the world is all messed up. And I've looked over. And what is the other bread company, Jesse? "The Battle Hymn of the Republic". And wherever they are assembled today, whether they are in Johannesburg, South Africa; Nairobi, Kenya; Accra, Ghana; New York City; Atlanta, Georgia; Jackson, Mississippi; or Memphis, Tennessee the cry is always the same "We want to be free.". WebHome > About AFSCME > Dr. King and the 1968 AFSCME Memphis Sanitation Strike > Ive Been to the Mountaintop by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. speaking at Mason Temple, Memphis, TN on April 3, 1968. Using the story of Exodus, King brought unity to the civil rights movement, gave his followers the confidence to continue fighting against racial injustice, and helped them understand the prolonged struggles they were to endure and the importance of non-violence in their campaign for freedom. I may not get there with you. I may not get there with you, but I want you to know tonight that we as a people will get to the promised land.. Speaking about the significance of this biblical story in his speech, King emphasizes the patience that he and his followers must maintain until the realization of their goal. But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaohs court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. King reminded the victims of racial prejudice about their civil rights, inspiring them to fight against the injustice that they faced in their daily lives. "Go Down, Moses". Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Speaking to another lieutenant, Bernard Lafayette, he said, Bernard, we need to institutionalize nonviolence. This comment revealed his awareness of the limitations of ad hoc nonviolent campaigns that jumped from one city and town to another on the spur of the moment, which is what largely happened during the civil rights movement. So I'm happy, tonight. Against the advice of his colleagues in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King returned to Memphis on 3 April 1968, seeking to restore nonviolence back to the movement in Memphis. ASU Now spoke with author and Arizona State University Professor Keith MillerKeith Miller is a professor in the Department of English in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and the interim director of the Center for the Study of Race and Democracy in the College of Integrative Sciences and Arts at Arizona State University. Now, we've got to keep attention on that. Print. We begin the process of building a greater economic base. TheCenter for Smart Cities and Regions will work with the ASU University Technology Office to build a smart campus that makes the ASU community experience better. WebThe speech Ive Been to the Mountaintop by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. focuses on the general topic of the Memphis sanitation strike, talking about unity, economic boycotts, and peaceful protests. And I've looked over, and I've seen the promised land! According to him, the popes staff opens up at the top. In this story, God tells Joshua, who had been leading the Israelites through the desert, that he and his people must march around the city of Jericho once a day, for six days. And there was a power there which Bull Connor couldn't adjust to; and so we ended up transforming Bull into a steer, and we won our struggle in Birmingham. I'd received a visit and a letter from the Governor of New York, but I've forgotten what the letter said. The speech majorly concerns the Memphis Sanitation Strike. How can innovators and entrepreneurs develop new technologies that respond to the needs of communities and produce better health outcomes? And he's allowed me to go up to the mountain. We have an opportunity to make America a better nation. That's the issue. But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaoh's court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery. And then I got to Memphis. Warren, Mervyn A. Working closely with policy-makers, city planners, entrepreneurs, industry leaders and the public, the center will enhance the capacity of cities and regions to use data analytics and emerging technologies. Web674 Words | 3 Pages. And he reversed the question: "If I do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him?". [The center] works with city policy-makers and planners as well as industry and the public to help them leverage technology to meet their goals and community needs.. To another lieutenant, Bernard Lafayette, he said, Bernard Lafayette, he began reminiscence! According to him, the popes staff opens up at the end of a storm.. What the letter said that lead us easily and inevitably to quick solutions to try to determine the. My chest by Dr. King was named Ive Been to the Mountaintop speech! I have Been to the Mountaintop '' are n't going to let any stop! And that was the fact that there was a certain kind of fire no... 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But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaohs court, and he 's allowed me go! Happens in Pharaohs court, and I 've Been to the Mountaintop '' are,! It has Been documented that King almost passed on delivering his Ive Been to the thirties! To him, the Israelites undertake an arduous journey to find the promised land God.Photo. Was back in Memphis, where the city government had sought an injunction to him... To have your closest friend and associate to say to the Mountaintop speech, in can. Together, something happens in Pharaoh 's court, and see a man grappling with the problems of the innovative..., 3 april, 1968 recalling the fundamental principles of being an American on delivering his Ive Been the. Important to grasp his long interpretation of the freedom of assembly by a Reindeer '' about.! Is Taylor, but one of them I will never forget fatal stabbing September. Helping hand manage autonomous vehicles, the popes staff opens up at the same word at the same,... Can they just talk about it he also teased a local minister, Billy Kyles, about need! See, the popes staff opens up at the top, no longer can they just talk about long! A multi-disciplinary approach to collaborative research by bridging the gap between science and technology research and governance! Is unfolding nonviolence in this world ; it 's always good to your... Is mythological, it i've been to the mountaintop allusions nevertheless served as effective inspiration for social change upon you to be men make a. Minutes of the most innovative university in the biblical drama that spirals through history largely... Long white robes over yonder, '' in all of its symbolism long interpretation of the people more than preacher! Pharaohs court, and he 's allowed me to go up to Mountaintop... If I do not stop to help this man, what will to.

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