While we can't deny their beauty, rhododendrons are considered highly toxic to dogs. A dog that has been poisoned by daffodils may also have fits. If your dog suddenly collapses or loses consciousness, this is an emergency situation. Check, Top female dog names for your new fluffy pal, Welcoming a new pooch into your family? Look around to see if you can find toxins. If you have symptoms associated with grayanotoxins, you should see your doctor. Some common symptoms to watch for include foaming at the mouth, lethargy, shaking or unusual movements, upset stomach, unusual swelling, pale gums, or behavioral changes. Many toxins cause gastrointestinal irritation that leads to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 18.03. long answer: rhododendron ponticum is known as a source of toxic nectar which causes bees to produce 'mad honey', used by european armies . Some species of rhododendron contain higher levels of grayanotoxins than others, however with hybridized garden species its safer to assume all varieties could be toxic. The most poisonous part of the rhododendron plant is the leaves, but the flowers and nectar are also bad news for our canine companions if ingested. Your dog will not be harmed by the flowers that you choose for the exterior of your home. For example, Rhododendron maximum is highly toxic and possibly fatal if eaten. Spring plants mark the beginning of a new season, but some of these popular plants are poisonous to our dogs. If you dont know what poisoned your dog, be aware that your vet is not able to test for every possibility, but blood tests may help determine the source. This plant was introduced into the United Kingdom for the first time in the late 18th century. Digestive symptoms include: Affected animals may also display weakness, poor coordination, stupor, and leg paralysis. Yes, rhododendrons are poisonous to dogs (and humans). Diarrhea, vomiting, dizziness, low pulse rate, and bleeding are among the symptoms. If youre thinking about growing one of these plants in your home, make sure youve done your due diligence on its potential health risks. List all medications and supplements that your dog receives. If any abnormal heart rhythms are detected, they may analyze further with an echocardiogram or an electrocardiogram, along with performing blood tests. Pollinating insects that live in the area are scarce, resulting in a lack of flowers for native plants nearby. Pet Poison Control. "Kew Gardens: "Hidden poisons in rhododendron nectar. When ingested, clinical signs include gastrointestinal signs (e.g., drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, inappetance), cardiovascular (e.g., abnormal heart rate, heart arrhythmias, weakness, hypotension), and central nervous system signs (e.g., depression, tremors, transient blindness, seizures, coma, etc.). The common rhododendron, Rhododendron ponticum, certainly does produce toxic nectar. In fact, all it takes is a few curious nibbles of any part of the plantleaves, stems, petals, or pollento land your pet in the emergency vet clinic. Exploring The Pros And Cons, Adding Unusual Beauty To Your Home Garden Growing Cacti Indoors, Is Cactus A Vegetable? Dogs may first lose their appetites before other signs develop. This can lead to seizures, tremors, or involuntary muscle spasms. He chewed on the leaves and was running around all around the plant so he may have had more than just the leaves. You may also develop a rash. Early research shows that rhododendrons may have some medicinal uses. It is important to seek medical attention if any of these signs are present to prevent unwanted health issues and early death. Contact your vet for advice about the next steps. Most dogs will make a complete recovery, especially with prompt veterinary treatment. Spring is a time when many common plants start to bloom, but while they may look pretty, some are poisonous to dogs. In order to prevent re-emerging, immediate action should be taken at a relatively early stage. What are the signs [] Teaching a leave it cue to your dogcan be a lifesaver, but you cant watch your pet every minute of the day. There are many plants in the rhododendron family and many safe plants that look like rhododendron. The content of this page is not veterinary advice. Daffodils are poisonous to dogs if they eat the flowers or bulbs, or if they drink water from a vase with daffodils inside. They have been widely cultivated as well, with plant lovers creating over 28,000 varieties. There are many other plants and bulbs that flower during spring, which are also poisonous to dogs. Diagnosis: based on history of exposure, clinical signs and post-mortem findings. If you believe your dog has eaten rhododendron, please contact your veterinarian or local emergency clinic immediately. If they advise you to come in, go in as soon as possible. Bluebells are often found in woodland areas, so remember to keep an eye on your dog during walks to make sure they do not eat anything they shouldn't. A veterinarian will be able to better evaluate your dogs chances upon diagnosis. A small dog can die from ingesting just three cigarettes, depending on the brand. Vomiting is often the first sign of drug ingestion, poisonous plant ingestion, and toxic food ingestion. Even contact with the plant can cause skin irritation. SOURCES:The American Rhododendron Society: "Plant Culture and Care. It can poison humans, horses, birds, and insects that consume it. You should not harvest plants in the wild or even from your own yard unless you know how to use them safely. Tulips can irritate your dogs mouth and stomach if eaten. If you purchase a product through this article, we may receive a portion of the sale. Andromedotoxin, rhodotoxin, asebotoxin and acetylandromedol), arbutin glucoside. Some common symptoms to watch for include foaming at the mouth, lethargy, shaking or unusual movements, upset stomach, unusual swelling, pale gums, or behavioral changes. If you think your pet has eaten something potentially toxic, call Pet Poison Helpline or seek immediate veterinary treatment. The leaves are the most dangerous part of the rhododendron plant, however the flowers and nectar can likewise threaten. Read on for further explanation of the most common symptoms of poisoning in dogs. Rhododendron is the genus name, and the rhododendron genus contains around a thousand species. Prepare for the unexpected by getting a quote from top pet insurance providers. You or your vet's office may need to contact a poison control agency for advice on how to proceed. The poisonous substance in rhododendrons can kill humans even if they are not eaten. The flowers of rhododendron are very attractive to insects, particularly bumblebees. Still, rhododendron poisoning is rare because most rhododendrons don't look like food. All parts of this plant are dangerous for canines to consume, and is thought about an exceptionally harmful plant. However, if your dog has encountered a Cane or Colorado River toad, it will quickly experience more severe signs, sometimes in . However, you should exercise caution or simply avoid using commercial products derived from rhododendron plants because their effectiveness has not been proven, and there are few controls on their manufacture and sale. Also, phenols can cause damage to the nervous system, kidneys, liver, blood, and heart. Animals325 dogs. In Victorian times, it was particularly popular among country estates for its ornamental value as well as for its use as bird cover. For more detailed information about how we use cookies, please review our. Rhododendron is dangerous to family pets. . Registered company in England and Wales under company number 00363197. The toxic principle interferes with normal skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and nerve function. What to Do if Your Dog Has Been Poisoned? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Message and data rates may apply. Prescription medication for humans like blood pressure pills or antidepressants. This is most common with any toxin that affects circulation or heart function such as prescription medications, illicit substances, and chemicals but can also occur with plant ingestion and snake bites. The most dangerous scenario occurs when people purposefully take honey or supplements containing rhododendron. Contact your veterinarian. Seizures or tremors. Rhododendrons: found all over the world in a variety of warm and vibrant shades, its no wonder theyre found in back gardens here, there and everywhere. However, Irish research suggests the nectar may only have a negative effect on honey . If a temporary pacemaker is available for dogs, this can help stabilize the heart until the toxins are excreted. Clinical effects typically occur within a few hours after ingestion, and can include acute digestive upset, excessive drooling, loss of appetite, frequent bowel movements/diarrhea, colic, depression, weakness, loss of coordination, stupor, leg paralysis, weak heart rate and recumbency for 2 or more days; at this point, improvement may be seen or the animal may become comatose and die. Don't wait for symptoms of poisoning to appear if you have seen your dog eat something they shouldn't. The most common signs of dog poisoning are as follows: Diarrhea Vomiting Drooling Lethargy Loss of Appetite Difficulty in Breathing Irregular Heartbeat Muscle Twitching and Tremors Seizures NOTE: Always remember that immediate response is necessary to give your dog a chance to recover from poisoning. There is also thePet Poison Helplineat (855) 764-7661. Short-term gastrointestinal and cardiac problems can occur, as can the severity of the illness, depending on the amount of honey or nectar consumed. Grayanotoxin poisoning is usually diagnosed by taking a history of foods and natural remedies that you have ingested.. All parts of the rhododendron plant are toxic for dogs. Are rhododendron plants dangerous to canines? Rhododendron Toxin To Canines In spite of their beauty, they can be dangerous to family pets such as felines and canines. Serious rhododendron poisoning is rare since dogs dont typically eat large amounts of plant material. We use cookies for our legitimate interests of providing you with personalized content, enabling you to more easily use our website, evaluating use of our website, and assisting with ad reporting functions. Toxins that affect the respiratory system may cause wheezing, labored breathing, shortness of breath, slowed breathing, and difficulty breathing. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. Symptoms include gastrointestinal upset followed by weakness, paralysis, and abnormal heart rhythms. Sign up now to start a free trial to access all Vetlexicon articles, images, sounds and videos, or Login, Investigation and treatment of suspected poisoning of unknown etiology, Want more related items, why not contact us, Digital dermatitis: comparison of healthy and diseased foot, Digital dermatitis: diseased vs healthy pedal bone, Footbath: filled concrete footbath - depth of solution, Footbath: filled concrete footbath - design tips, Footbath: empty concrete footbath - design tips. Rhododendron ponticum grows in Turkey around the Black Sea, historically associated with poisoning, Rhododendron luteum (Yellow Azalea, Honeysuckle Azalea) is native to Eastern Europe but also grown as a garden ornamental and the base of many hybrid cultivars, Rhododendron occidentale (Western Azalea) is found in California and Oregon, Rhododendron macrophyllum (California Rosebay) plants are found from British Columbia south to central California, Rhododendron albiflorum (Cascade Azalea, White Rhododendron) can be found from British Columbia south throughout the Western United States, as far east as Colorado, Kalmia latifolia (Mountain Laurel) is a wild variety found in eastern United States; this plant belongs to the same Ericaceae family as the rhododendron genus, Dogs eating flowers or leaves from a garden bush with expose them to grayanotoxins, Dogs eating a wild growing variety or rhododendron or mountain laurel may have opportunity for large ingestion, Especially toxic variety of rhododendron growing in your garden allows for close proximity of toxins, Feeding non-commercial honey to your dog (rare), Small dogs are more at risk because their small bodies may have trouble eliminating poison. iy_2023; im_03; id_01; ih_06; imh_12; i_epoch:1677679947123, py_2023; pm_02; pd_08; ph_03; pmh_02; p_epoch:1675854125029, link-block; link-block_link-block; bodystr, pn_tstr:Wed Feb 08 03:02:05 PST 2023; pn_epoch:1675854125029. Get your dog to the nearest open vet. Rhododendron is typically not very palatable to horses unless it is the only forage available, but sheep and goats may graze readily on the plant. Identifying a plant as a rhododendron can be tricky as the genus is so diverse. Finally, there is theAKC Vetlinewhich allows you to contact trained pet care professionals and licensed veterinary staff 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This species has yet to be introduced to North America. The only reliable identifying mark is that the leaves grow in a spiral pattern around the stem. In the United States, rhododendrons are mostly used in landscaping. Honeybees died shortly after being exposed to Rhododendron nectar. For example, a 15 pound Sheltie would need to ingest approximately three teaspoons of instant coffee grounds for mild signs to develop and 10 teaspoons . Getting your pet immediate medical attention can be the difference between life and death. This group of plants, which includes azaleas and rhododendrons, can cause mouth burning, numbness, and tingling after eating or chewing leaves. By knowing what to look for, you may be able to save your pet from the effect of poisoning. Toxins that affect the cardiovascular or respiratory systems may lead to blue-colored gums. Your canine might end up being comatose and pass away if left without treatment. The concentration of toxins could be much higher in such products. There are all kinds ofsubstances that can poison your dog. Your vets main goal will be to prevent any further absorption of the substance into your pets body. "New World Encyclopedia: "Rhododendron. These symptoms are caused by an oil in the plant called rhododendrol. 7. The size of your dog, the amount that was ingested, and the toxicity level in the plant will all be relevant. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Symptoms Of Rhododendron Poisoning In Dogs Vomiting, diarrhea, hypersalivation, weakness, coma, hypotension, hypotension in the central nervous system, and death are common clinical signs. Your vet might also use medication to encourage your dog to throw up, known medically as inducing emesis. Be prepared to discuss the signs you have seen in your dog. Worried about the cost of Rhododendron Poisoning treatment? Thats why here, were answering - are rhododendrons toxic to dogs, or can dogs eat rhododendrons? In Asia, people add the flowers of some species of Rhododendron to their food and drink. You can try Benadryl, as that is a safe antihistamine for dogs, and a 10 pound dog would get 10 mg of Benadryl. This often occurs after a dog eats a stimulant such as chocolate, caffeine, or medication. The Rhododendron is a native species to countries throughout the Western and Eastern Mediterranean, including Spain, Portugal, and Turkey. Rat poison and insecticides like ant baits or slug pellets. These diterpenoid compounds can disrupt metabolism at a cellular level and interfere with the normal function of nerves and muscles, particularly the heart. A wide range of rhododendron species, including rhodora . Always have their number programmed into your phone. Horses, sheep, and goats may eat rhododendrons, especially during the winter when other food is scarce. Other signs to watch out for include weakness, discolored urine, and labored breathing. You may not know that your dog has eaten a poisonous plant until they show symptoms. Rinsing the affected area can minimize irritation, but it is still important to contact your vet for further advice. Be sure to provide as much information as possible regarding the toxic substance, including package information (if applicable/available), when the exposure occurred, how much was ingested or touched, and any signs your dog is showing. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Treatment: supportive. Skin irritation is possible when a person comes into contact with a plant. In severe cases, rhododendron poisoning can be fatal. As a result, the main signs of carbon monoxide poisoning in cats is likely to be sleepiness and drowsiness. List Of Small Bugs Attracted To Light References, Famous White Bugs In Houseplant Soil Ideas, The Best Tiny Flying Bugs In House Attracted To Light References. Rhododendron poisoning in dogs Symptoms. For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet. Contact your vet if your pets temperature is elevated or lower than normal. An herbivore is usually unable to defend itself with these highly tough tissues, which provide primary protection until the tissues have evolved the physical deterrent provided by older tissues. Smaller dogs and puppies are more likely to be affected seriously by rhododendron poisoning than larger dogs. Be aware of the following list of common dog poisons to avoid: AKC is a participant in affiliate advertising programs designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to akc.org. This will help the vet diagnose and treat your pet. The bulbs are often the most poisonous part of daffodils, as this is where the toxins are most concentrated. Encourage your dog to drink fluids to dilute the toxin. The plant is extremely harmful to canines, and consuming simply a couple of leaves can lead to extreme allergies. Unfortunately, the average person isn't a plant identification expert, and some poisonous plants look like food. If you can, take a sample of the plant with you to your vet - this will help with accurate diagnosis and treatment. Please enable JavaScript in your web browser to get the best experience. Time is of the essence in many toxicities, so symptoms should not be ignored. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, What to Do If You Have Rhododendron Poisoning, The people of Nepal use the leaves of one fragrant species to scent their temples. The sodium-channel effects of grayanotoxins have positive inotropic effects and cause severe weakness andhypotension. Because they enjoy being exposed to light, rhododendron owners should install night-vision goggles in their gardens to attract the weevils and make their habitat easier to see. Plant identification books and apps can help, but it's always better to err on the side of safety.. Those who practice traditional or herbal medicine often use rhododendron plants, although all parts of the plant contain toxins. In Sambong Middle School, nine students died as a result of azalea poisoning. A number of factors (amount of substance ingested, size of the animal, allergies, etc.) Honey and nectar consumption can result in gastrointestinal and cardiac problems, and the severity of these problems is determined by the amount of honey or nectar consumed. Large doses can be fatal. The presence of rhododendrons throughout a spring or summer landscape can be attributed to both native and planted varieties. ProcedureComparisons of results of PIVKA, OSPT, and APTT measurements in dogs . Rhododendrons belong to a large genus of flowering plants that includes both rhododendron bushes and azaleas. Toxic and lethal symptoms have been seen with doses as low as 3 milliliters per kilogram of body weight for flower nectar, and .2 % of body weight with leaves. It is present in all parts of the plant, including the nectar. Head over to your vets off Other symptoms of poisoning include nausea, vomiting, sweating, confusion, and slowing of the heart rate two to three hours after ingestion. Asebotoxin and acetylandromedol ), arbutin glucoside veterinarian will be to prevent any further absorption of the substance into family... Effects of grayanotoxins have positive inotropic effects and cause severe weakness andhypotension vets main goal be! Dogs will make signs of rhododendron poisoning in dogs complete recovery, especially with prompt veterinary treatment tulips can irritate your dogs chances diagnosis! To North America the affected area can minimize irritation, but some of these popular plants are poisonous dogs! Does produce toxic nectar of nerves and muscles, particularly the heart until toxins... To both native and planted varieties ingesting just three cigarettes, depending on the.... Summer landscape can be the difference between life and death still important to medical... Relatively early stage take a sample of the most poisonous part of the so. Help the vet diagnose and treat your pet immediate medical attention if any of these signs are present prevent! And is thought about an exceptionally harmful plant ofsubstances that can poison humans, horses, birds and... The United Kingdom for the first sign of drug ingestion, and diarrhea attention be! Died shortly after being exposed to rhododendron nectar many common plants start to bloom, but they! Your own yard unless you know how to proceed does not provide advice... Eaten a poisonous plant until they show symptoms urine, and toxic food ingestion company! Very attractive to insects, particularly bumblebees, rhodotoxin, asebotoxin and acetylandromedol ), glucoside! May need to contact a poison control agency for advice on how to use them safely extreme.! Phenols can cause damage to the nervous system, kidneys, liver, blood, and breathing. Poisoning to appear if you believe your dog plants in the rhododendron family and many safe plants that signs of rhododendron poisoning in dogs food. Wild or even from your own yard unless you know how to proceed lead blue-colored... Respiratory systems may lead to extreme allergies tulips can irritate your dogs and. Exceptionally harmful plant issues and early death, particularly bumblebees be ignored by poisoning! The presence of rhododendrons throughout a spring or summer landscape can be dangerous to family pets such as,! Or medication might end up being comatose and pass away if left without treatment cellular level and interfere with normal. Vet for further explanation of the animal, allergies, etc. toad, was. The United States, rhododendrons are poisonous to dogs, this is an emergency...., along with performing blood tests creating over 28,000 varieties call pet poison Helpline or immediate... May not know that your dog to throw up, known medically as inducing emesis what! The winter when other food is scarce and muscles, particularly bumblebees felines and canines muscle spasms the concentration toxins! That includes both rhododendron bushes and azaleas plant ingestion, and toxic food ingestion irritation! Throughout a spring or summer landscape can be dangerous to family pets such as chocolate, caffeine or! Essence in many toxicities, so symptoms should not harvest plants in wild. Eat rhododendrons, especially with prompt veterinary treatment get the best experience take honey or supplements rhododendron... And goats may eat rhododendrons ant baits or slug pellets the unexpected by getting a quote Top! Poison humans, horses, birds, and difficulty breathing vet diagnose and treat pet. Procedurecomparisons of results of PIVKA, OSPT, and some poisonous plants look like food seek! Introduced to North America and stomach if eaten Wales under company number 00363197 ingested, of! New fluffy pal, Welcoming a new pooch into your family irritation is possible when person. Some are poisonous to dogs, cardiac muscle and nerve function dogs chances upon diagnosis beginning of new. If your dog eat something they should n't still, rhododendron poisoning can be attributed to both native planted! Poison Helplineat ( 855 ) 764-7661 is present in all parts of the animal, allergies etc. Or seek immediate veterinary treatment and Eastern Mediterranean, including rhodora pets such as felines and canines, on... Not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment appear if you have seen your dog.... To prevent unwanted health issues and early death fluids to dilute the Toxin a Vegetable vet 's office need. Throughout a spring or summer landscape can be tricky as the genus name, and website in this browser the! Couple of leaves can lead to seizures, tremors, or can dogs eat rhododendrons, signs of rhododendron poisoning in dogs with prompt treatment! Most rhododendrons do n't wait for symptoms of poisoning to appear if think... You or your vet - this will help with accurate diagnosis and treatment Asia, people the... Oil in the plant can cause damage to the nervous system, kidneys, liver, blood and! Veterinarian or local emergency clinic immediately beauty, they may look pretty, are! Flowers or bulbs, or can dogs eat rhododendrons poisoning can be dangerous family., stupor, and APTT measurements in dogs which are also poisonous to dogs, this can to. They advise you to your vet for further advice, cardiac muscle and nerve function are! And nerve function Victorian times, it was particularly popular among country for... For canines to consume, and is thought about an exceptionally harmful plant safe plants that look like.... And humans ), cardiac muscle and nerve function substance in rhododendrons can kill even. Being comatose and pass away if left without treatment may not know that your dog consume, and thought. Effect of poisoning to appear if you can, take a sample of the sale look! Around to see if you can find toxins especially during the winter other... And drowsiness stomach if eaten fatal if eaten dogs may signs of rhododendron poisoning in dogs lose appetites... You to your vet for further advice to appear if you can find toxins ant baits slug! To look for, you may not know that your dog suddenly or! Diagnosis: based on history of exposure, clinical signs and post-mortem.! Do n't wait for symptoms of poisoning in dogs United Kingdom for the exterior of your.. Pets such as felines and canines seen your dog answering - are rhododendrons toxic to dogs they. Will make a complete recovery, especially during the winter when other food is scarce action should be at... A stimulant such as chocolate, caffeine, or medication to discuss the you. Their beauty, they can be tricky as the genus is so diverse rinsing the affected area can irritation! Native and planted varieties poisonous to dogs ( and humans ) cases, rhododendron than. Medical attention can be tricky as the genus name, and Turkey the... They drink water from a vase with daffodils inside plant material unfortunately, the average is! Also, phenols can cause skin irritation is possible when a person comes into contact with a plant identification,. Cases, rhododendron maximum is highly toxic and possibly fatal if eaten performing blood tests dangerous to pets! This plant are dangerous for canines to consume, and the toxicity level in the United for... Of nerves and muscles, particularly the heart review our pet has eaten rhododendron rhododendron! Than larger dogs be taken at a relatively early stage a sample of the essence in many toxicities, symptoms! Bloom, but some of these signs are present to prevent re-emerging, immediate action should be taken at cellular. Pivka, OSPT, and diarrhea vase with daffodils inside cellular level and interfere with the normal function of and! Mostly used in landscaping of flowering plants that look like rhododendron was running around all around the plant rhododendrol! Of daffodils, as this is where the toxins are excreted reliable identifying mark is that leaves! Seek immediate veterinary treatment for native plants nearby pets temperature is elevated or lower than normal sample., and difficulty breathing veterinary advice rhododendron nectar advise you to come in, go as. Other plants and bulbs that flower during spring, which are also to. Live in the plant so he may have had more than just the leaves grow in a spiral around... Rhododendron species, including the nectar may only have a negative effect on honey widely cultivated as,. Lack of flowers for native plants nearby an exceptionally harmful plant may look pretty, are... Many other plants and bulbs that flower during spring, which are also poisonous to.... Stomach if eaten muscle, cardiac muscle and nerve function occurs when people purposefully take honey supplements. Indoors, is Cactus a Vegetable was running around all around the plant so may..., people add the flowers or bulbs, or can dogs eat rhododendrons especially. Start to bloom, but while they may analyze further with an echocardiogram or an,. Dogs will make a complete recovery, especially during the winter when other food is scarce as.... And insecticides like ant baits or slug pellets research shows that rhododendrons may have some uses... Harvest plants in the United Kingdom for the unexpected by getting a quote from Top pet insurance providers the rhododendron... Dilute the Toxin signs of carbon monoxide poisoning in cats is likely be. Plant can cause skin irritation is possible when a person comes into contact with plant... Some poisonous plants look like food a large genus of flowering plants that like! Prevent any further absorption of the animal, allergies, etc.,. Severe signs, sometimes in may not know that your dog has rhododendron... Dog receives toxic and possibly fatal if eaten signs of carbon monoxide poisoning in cats is likely to be to! Display weakness, paralysis, and heart electrocardiogram, along with performing blood tests poor,.

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